Donald Stokes
Introduction
Common Loon
Pied‐billed Grebe
Horned Grebe / Red‐necked Grebe
Eared Grebe / Western Grebe
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Leach’s Storm‐Petrel / Northern Gannet
American White Pelican / Double‐crested Cormorant
Anhinga
American Bittern / Least Bittern
Great Blue Heron
Great Egret / Snowy Egret
Little Blue Heron / Tricolored Heron
Cattle Egret
Green Heron
Black‐crowned Night‐Heron / Yellow‐crowned Night‐Heron
White Ibis / Wood Stork
Black Vulture
Fulvous Whistling‐Duck / Black‐bellied Whistling‐Duck
Tundra Swan / Trumpeter Swan
Greater White‐fronted Goose / Snow Goose
Brant / Canada Goose
Wood Duck / Green‐winged Teal
American Black Duck
Mallard / Northern Pintail
Blue‐winged Teal / Cinnamon Teal
Northern Shoveler
Gadwall / American Wigeon
Canvasback / Redhead
Ring‐necked Duck / Lesser Scaup
Common Eider / Oldsquaw
Common Goldeneye
Bufflehead
Hooded Merganser / Common Merganser
Ruddy Duck
Osprey
Swallow‐tailed Kite
Snail Kite / Mississippi Kite
Bald Eagle
Northern Harrier
Sharp‐shinned Hawk
Cooper’s Hawk / Northern Goshawk
Red‐shouldered Hawk
Broad‐winged Hawk
Swainson’s Hawk
Red‐tailed Hawk / Ferruginous Hawk
Golden Eagle / Crested Caracara
American Kestrel / Merlin
Peregrine Falcon
Plain Chachalaca
Ring‐necked Pheasant
Ruffed Grouse / Spruce Grouse
Greater Prairie‐Chicken / Lesser Prairie‐Chicken
Sharp‐tailed Grouse
Wild Turkey
Northern Bobwhite
Yellow Rail / Black Rail
Clapper Rail / King Rail
Virginia Rail
Sora
Purple Gallinule / Common Moorhen
American Coot
Limpkin
Sandhill Crane / Whooping Crane
Black‐bellied Plover / American Golden‐Plover
Snowy Plover / Wilson’s Plover
Semipalmated Plover / Piping Plover
Killdeer
American Oystercatcher
Black‐necked Stilt / American Avocet
Greater Yellowlegs / Lesser Yellowlegs
Solitary Sandpiper
Willet
Spotted Sandpiper
Upland Sandpiper
Whimbrel / Long‐billed Curlew
Hudsonian Godwit / Marbled Godwit
Ruddy Turnstone / Sanderling
Semipalmated Sandpiper / Western Sandpiper
Least Sandpiper / White‐rumped Sandpiper
Pectoral Sandpiper / Dunlin
Stilt Sandpiper
Short‐billed Dowitcher / Long‐billed Dowitcher
Common Snipe
American Woodcock
Wilson’s Phalarope
Laughing Gull
Franklin’s Gull
Bonaparte’s Gull
Ring‐billed Gull
Herring Gull / Great Black‐backed Gull
Black‐legged Kittiwake / Gull‐billed Tern
Caspian Tern / Royal Tern
Sandwich Tern / Roseate Tern
Common Tern / Arctic Tern
Forster’s Tern / Least Tern
Sooty Tern / Brown Noddy
Black Tern / Black Skimmer
Common Murre / Black Guillemot
Atlantic Puffin
Rock Dove
Eurasian Collared Dove / White‐winged Dove
Mourning Dove
Ground Dove / White‐tipped Dove
Black‐billed Cuckoo
Yellow‐billed Cuckoo
Mangrove Cuckoo
Smooth‐billed Ani / Groove‐billed Ani
Barn Owl
Eastern Screech‐Owl
Great Horned Owl
Northern Hawk Owl
Burrowing Owl
Barred Owl
Great Gray Owl
Long‐eared Owl
Short‐eared Owl
Boreal Owl
Northern Saw‐whet Owl
Lesser Nighthawk
Common Nighthawk / Antillean Nighthawk
Pauraque
Common Poorwill
Whippoorwill
Chuck‐will’s‐widow
Chimney Swift
Ruby‐throated Hummingbird
Belted Kingfisher
Red‐headed Woodpecker
Red‐bellied Woodpecker
Yellow‐bellied Sapsucker
Downy Woodpecker
Hairy Woodpecker
Red‐cockaded Woodpecker
Three‐toed Woodpecker / Black‐backed Woodpecker
Northern Flicker
Pileated Woodpecker
Olive‐sided Flycatcher
Eastern Wood‐Pewee
Yellow‐bellied Flycatcher
Acadian Flycatcher
Alder Flycatcher
Willow Flycatcher
Least Flycatcher
Eastern Phoebe / Say's Phoebe
Great Crested Flycatcher
Great Kiskadee / Couch's Kingbird
Western Kingbird
Eastern Kingbird
Gray Kingbird / Scissor‐tailed Flycatcher
Loggerhead Shrike
White‐eyed Vireo
Bell's Vireo
Black‐capped Vireo
Solitary Vireo
Yellow‐throated Vireo
Warbling Vireo
Philadelphia Vireo
Red‐eyed Vireo / Black‐whiskered Vireo
Gray Jay
Blue Jay / Green Jay
Florida Scrub‐Jay
American Crow
Fish Crow
Common Raven / Black‐billed Magpie
Horned Lark
Purple Martin
Tree Swallow
Northern Rough‐winged Swallow / Bank Swallow
Cliff Swallow
Barn Swallow
Black‐capped Chickadee
Carolina Chickadee
Boreal Chickadee
Tufted Titmouse
Red‐breasted Nuthatch
White‐breasted Nuthatch
Brown‐headed Nuthatch
Brown Creeper
Rock Wren / Canyon Wren
Carolina Wren
Bewick's Wren
House Wren
Winter Wren
Sedge Wren
Marsh Wren
Golden‐crowned Kinglet
Ruby‐crowned Kinglet
Blue‐gray Gnatcatcher
Eastern Bluebird
Veery
Gray‐cheeked Thrush / Bicknell's Thrush
Swainson's Thrush
Hermit Thrush
Wood Thrush
American Robin
Gray Catbird
Northern Mockingbird
Brown Thrasher / Long‐billed Thrasher
American Pipit / Sprague's Pipit
Bohemian Waxwing
Cedar Waxwing
European Starling
Blue‐winged Warbler
Golden‐winged Warbler
Tennessee Warbler
Orange‐crowned Warbler
Nashville Warbler
Northern Parula
Yellow Warbler
Chestnut‐sided Warbler
Magnolia Warbler
Cape May Warbler
Black‐throated Blue Warbler
Yellow‐rumped Warbler
Black‐throated Green Warbler
Golden‐cheeked Warbler
Blackburnian Warbler
Yellow‐throated Warbler
Pine Warbler
Kirtland’s Warbler
Prairie Warbler
Palm Warbler
Bay‐breasted Warbler
Blackpoll Warbler
Cerulean Warbler
Black‐and‐white Warbler
American Redstart
Prothonotary Warbler
Worm‐eating Warbler
Swainson’s Warbler
Ovenbird
Northern Waterthrush
Louisiana Waterthrush
Kentucky Warbler
Connecticut Warbler
Mourning Warbler
Common Yellowthroat
Hooded Warbler
Wilson’s Warbler
Canada Warbler
Yellow‐breasted Chat
Summer Tanager
Scarlet Tanager
Northern Cardinal
Rose‐breasted Grosbeak / Black‐headed Grosbeak
Blue Grosbeak
Indigo Bunting
Painted Bunting
Dickcissel
Olive Sparrow
Eastern Towhee
Bachman’s Sparrow
Botteri’s Sparrow / Cassin’s Sparrow
Rufous‐crowned Sparrow
American Tree Sparrow
Chipping Sparrow
Clay‐colored Sparrow
Field Sparrow
Vesper Sparrow
Lark Sparrow
Lark Bunting
Savannah Sparrow
Baird’s Sparrow
Grasshopper Sparrow
Henslow’s Sparrow
Le Conte’s Sparrow
Saltmarsh Sharp‐tailed Sparrow
Nelson’s Sharp‐tailed Sparrow
Seaside Sparrow
Fox Sparrow
Song Sparrow
Lincoln’s Sparrow
Swamp Sparrow
White‐throated Sparrow
White‐crowned Sparrow
Dark‐eyed Junco
Chestnut‐collared Longspur / Snow Bunting
Bobolink
Red‐winged Blackbird
Eastern Meadowlark
Western Meadowlark
Yellow‐headed Blackbird
Rusty Blackbird / Brewer’s Blackbird
Great‐tailed Grackle
Boat‐tailed Grackle
Common Grackle
Brown‐headed Cowbird
Orchard Oriole
Baltimore Oriole / Bullock’s Oriole
Pine Grosbeak
Purple Finch
House Finch
Red Crossbill / White‐winged Crossbill
Common Redpoll / Pine Siskin
American Goldfinch
Evening Grosbeak
House Sparrow
Red‐throated Loon
Arctic Loon / Pacific Loon
Common Loon / Yellow‐billed Loon
Least Grebe
Pied‐billed Grebe / Horned Grebe
Red‐necked Grebe / Eared Grebe
Western Grebe / Clark’s Grebe
Laysan Albatross / Black‐footed Albatross
Northern Fulmar / Mottled Petrel
Pink‐footed Shearwater / Fresh‐footed Shearwater
Buller’s Shearwater
Sooty Shearwater / Short‐tailed Shearwater
Black‐vented Shearwater
Fork‐tailed Storm‐Petrel
Leach’s Storm‐Petrel / Ashy Storm‐Petrel
Black Storm‐Petrel / Least Storm‐Petrel
American White Pelican / Brown Pelican
Brandt’s Cormorant
Neotropic Cormorant / Double‐crested Cormorant
Red‐faced Cormorant / Pelagic Cormorant
Great Blue Heron / Great Egret
Snowy Egret / Cattle Egret
Green Heron / Black‐crowned Night Heron
White‐faced Ibis
Turkey Vulture / California Condor
Black‐bellied Whistling‐Duck
Greater White‐fronted Goose / Emperor Goose
Snow Goose / Ross’s Goose
Canada Goose / Brant
Trumpeter Swan / Tundra Swan
Wood Duck / Gadwall
Eurasian Wigeon / American Wigeon
Mallard / Mottled Duck
Northern Shoveler / Northern Pintail
Green‐winged Teal
Ring‐necked Duck / Tufted Duck
Greater Scaup / Lesser Scaup
Steller’s Eider / Spectacled Eider
King Eider / Common Eider
Harlequin Duck / Surf Scoter
White‐winged Scoter / Black Scoter
Oldsquaw / Bufflehead
Common Goldeneye / Barrow’s Goldeneye
Red‐breasted Merganser / Ruddy Duck
Osprey / Hook‐billed Kite
White‐tailed Kite / Mississippi Kite
Gray Hawk
Common Black Hawk / Harris’s Hawk
Red‐shouldered Hawk / Swainson’s Hawk
White‐tailed Hawk / Zone‐tailed Hawk
Red‐tailed Hawk
Ferruginous Hawk / Rough‐legged Hawk
Golden Eagle
Crested Caracara
Gyrfalcon
Peregrine Falcon / Praire Falcon
Chukar
Himalayan Snowcock
Gray Partridge / Ring‐necked Pheasant
Ruffed Grouse
Sage Grouse / Spruce Grouse
Willow Ptarmigan / Rock Ptarmigan
White‐tailed Ptarmigan
Blue Grouse
Mountain Quail / Scaled Quail
California Quail / Gambel’s Quail
Northern Bobwhite / Montezuma Quail
Yellow Rail
Black Rail
Clapper Rail
Common Moorhen
Sandhill Crane
Black‐bellied Plover
American Golden‐Plover / Pacific Golden‐Plover
Mongolian Plover / Snowy Plover
Common Ringed Plover / Semipalmated Plover
Black Oystercatcher
Solitary Sandpiper / Willet
Wandering Tattler
Spotted Sandpiper / Upland Sandpiper
Whimbrel / Bristle‐thighed Curlew
Long‐billed Curlew / Hudsonian Godwit
Bar‐tailed Godwit / Marbled Godwit
Ruddy Turnstone / Black Turnstone
Surfbird
Red Knot / Sanderling
Red‐necked Stint / Temminck’s Stint
Baird’s Sandpiper / Pectoral Sandpiper
Rock Sandpiper / Dunlin
Stilt Sandpiper / Buff‐breasted Sandpiper
Common Snipe / Wilson’s Phalarope
Red‐necked Phalarope / Red Phalarope
South Polar Skua
Pomarine Jaeger
Parasitic Jaeger / Long‐tailed Jaeger
Franklin’s Gull / Bonaparte’s Gull
Heermann’s Gull / Mew Gull
Ring‐billed Gull / California Gull
Herring Gull / Thayer’s Gull
Yellow‐footed Gull / Western Gull
Glaucous‐winged Gull / Glaucous Gull
Black‐legged Kittiwake / Red‐legged Kittiwake
Ross’s Gull / Ivory Gull
Gull‐billed Tern / Caspian Tern
Royal Tern / Elegant Tern
Aleutian Tern / Black Tern
Black Skimmer
Dovekie
Common Murre / Thick‐billed Murre
Black Guillemot / Pigeon Guillemot
Marbled Murrelet / Kittlitz’s Murrelet
Xantus’s Murrelet / Ancient Murrelet
Cassin’s Auklet
Parakeet Auklet / Least Auklet
Whiskered Auklet
Rhinoceros Auklet
Horned Puffin
Tufted Puffin
Red‐billed Pigeon / Band‐tailed Pigeon
Spotted Dove
White‐winged Dove / Mourning Dove
Inca Dove
Common Ground‐Dove / Ruddy Ground‐Dove
White‐tipped Dove
Green Parakeet
Thick‐billed Parrot / Red‐crowned Parrot
Greater Roadrunner
Groove‐billed Ani
Flammulated Owl
Western Screech‐Owl / Whiskered Screech‐Owl
Snowy Owl / Northern Hawk Owl
Northern Pygmy‐Owl / Ferruginous Pygmy‐Owl
Elf Owl
Spotted Owl
Common Nighthawk
Common Pauraque
Buff‐collared Nightjar
Whip‐poor‐will
Black Swift / Vaux’s Swift
White‐throated Swift
Broad‐billed Hummingbird
Buff‐bellied Hummingbird / Violet‐crowned Hummingbird
Blue‐throated Hummingbird / Magnificent Hummingbird
Lucifer Hummingbird / Black‐chinned Hummingbird
Anna’s Hummingbird / Costa’s Hummingbird
Calliope Hummingbird / Broad‐tailed Hummingbird
Rufous Hummingbird / Allen’s Hummingbird
Elegant Trogon / Eared Trogon
Ringed Kingfisher / Belted Kingfisher
Green Kingfisher
Lewis’s Woodpecker / Acorn Woodpecker
Gila Woodpecker / Golden‐fronted Woodpecker
Williamson’s Sapsucker
Red‐naped Sapsucker / Red‐breasted Sapsucker
Ladder‐backed Woodpecker / Nuttall’s Woodpecker
Downy Woodpecker / Hairy Woodpecker
Strickland’s Woodpecker / White‐headed Woodpecker
Northern Flicker / Gilded Flicker
Northern Beardless Tyrannulet
Greater Pewee
Western Wood‐Pewee
Alder Flycatcher / Willow Flycatcher
Least Flycatcher / Hammond’s Flycatcher
Gray Flycatcher / Dusky Flycatcher
Pacific‐slope Flycatcher / Cordilleran Flycatcher
Buff‐breasted Flycatcher
Black Phoebe
Say’s Phoebe
Vermilion Flycatcher
Dusky‐capped Flycatcher / Ash‐throated Flycatcher
Brown‐crested Flycatcher
Great Kiskadee
Sulphur‐bellied Flycatcher
Tropical Kingbird / Couch’s Kingbird
Cassin’s Kingbird / Thick‐billed Kingbird
Western Kingbird / Eastern Kingbird
Scissor‐tailed Flycatcher
Rose‐throated Becard
Loggerhead Shrike / Northern Shrike
White‐eyed Vireo / Bell’s Vireo
Black‐capped Vireo / Gray Vireo
Plumbeous Vireo / Cassin’s Vireo
Hutton’s Vireo / Warbling Vireo
Red‐eyed Vireo / Yellow‐green Vireo
Steller’s Jay
Green Jay / Brown Jay
Island Scrub Jay / Western Scrub Jay
Mexican Jay / Piñon Jay
Clark’s Nutcracker
Black‐billed Magpie / Yellow‐billed Magpie
American Crow / Northwestern Crow
Tamaulipas Crow
Chihuahuan Raven / Common Raven
Sky Lark
Tree Swallow / Violet‐green Swallow
Cliff Swallow / Cave Swallow
Mountain Chickadee
Mexican Chickadee / Chestnut‐backed Chickadee
Boreal Chickadee / Gray‐headed Chickadee
Bridled Titmouse
Oak Titmouse / Juniper Titmouse
Verdin
Bushtit
White‐breasted Nuthatch / Pygmy Nuthatch
Cactus Wren
Bewick’s Wren
American Dipper
Arctic Warbler
California Gnatcatcher
Black‐tailed Gnatcatcher
Black‐capped Gnatcatcher
Siberian Rubythroat
Bluethroat
Northern Wheatear
Eastern Bluebird / Western Bluebird
Mountain Bluebird
Townsend’s Solitaire
Veery / Gray‐cheeked Thrush
Swainson’s Thrush
Clay‐colored Robin / American Robin
Varied Thrush
Wrentit
Northern Mockingbird / Sage Thrasher
Long‐billed Thrasher / Bendire’s Thrasher
Curve‐billed Thrasher / California Thrasher
Crissal Thrasher / Le Conte’s Thrasher
Yellow Wagtail / White Wagtail
Red‐throated Pipit / American Pipit
Bohemian Waxwing / Cedar Waxwing
Phainopepla
Olive Warbler
Orange‐crowned Warbler / Nashville Warbler
Virginia’s Warbler / Colima Warbler
Lucy’s Warbler / Tropical Parula
Yellow Warbler / Yellow‐rumped Warbler
Black‐throated Gray Warbler / Golden‐cheeked Warbler
Townsend’s Warbler / Hermit Warbler
Grace’s Warbler
Blackpoll Warbler / American Redstart
Northern Waterthrush / MacGillivray’s Warbler
Wilson’s Warbler / Red‐faced Warbler
Painted Redstart / Golden‐crowned Warbler
Hepatic Tanager / Summer Tanager
Western Tanager
White‐collared Seedeater / Olive Sparrow
Green‐tailed Towhee
Spotted Towhee
Canyon Towhee / California Towhee
Abert’s Towhee
Rufous‐winged Sparrow / Cassin’s Sparrow
Botteri’s Sparrow / Rufous‐crowned Sparrow
Five‐striped Sparrow
American Tree Sparrow / Chipping Sparrow
Brewer’s Sparrow / Black‐chinned Sparrow
Vesper Sparrow / Lark Sparrow
Black‐throated Sparrow / Sage Sparrow
Savannah Sparrow / Grasshopper Sparrow
Lincoln’s Sparrow / Harris’s Sparrow
White‐crowned Sparrow / Golden‐crowned Sparrow
Dark‐eyed Junco / Yellow‐eyed Junco
McCown’s Longspur / Lapland Longspur
Smith’s Longspur
Chestnut‐collared Longspur
Snow Bunting
Northern Cardinal / Pyrrhuloxia
Black‐headed Grosbeak / Blue Grosbeak
Lazuli Bunting / Indigo Bunting
Varied Bunting / Painted Bunting
Red‐winged Blackbird / Tricolored Blackbird
Eastern Meadowlark / Western Meadowlark
Bronzed Cowbird / Brown‐headed Cowbird
Hooded Oriole
Altamira Oriole / Audubon’s Oriole
Bullock’s Oriole / Scott’s Oriole
Brambling
Gray‐crowned Rosy‐Finch
Black Rosy‐Finch
Brown‐capped Rosy‐Finch
Cassin’s Finch
Red Crossbill
White‐winged Crossbill
Common Redpoll
Hoary Redpoll
Pine Siskin
Lesser Goldfinch
Lawrence’s Goldfinch